1895: The Venezuelan Crisis of 1895 escalated when Venezuela’s Foreign Minister demanded arbitration to resolve the boundary dispute. The United States, invoking the Monroe Doctrine, pressured Britain to agree to arbitration.

1899: The Arbitral Award of Paris. The arbitration tribunal awarded the majority of the disputed territory to British Guiana. Ignacio Andrade, then President of Venezuela, and Severo Mallet-Prevost, Venezuela's legal representative, expressed dissatisfaction with the ruling, citing potential biases and irregularities in the arbitration process.